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Get Started with Unity3D - 4

Escape with Unity-Chan!

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和 Unity 酱一起逃出生天！ Unity 酱来到了一座美丽的森林，但是好像森林里并不只有她一人……WASD 控制方向 + 右键控制视角来躲避追逐而来的敌人，带着 Unity 酱逃出森林吧（并不能）！

先来看几张预览图吧！

游戏设计目标

  1. 创建一个地图和若干巡逻兵
  2. 每个巡逻兵走一个3~5个边的凸多边型，位置数据是相对地址。即每次确定下一个目标位置，用自己当前位置为原点计算
  3. 巡逻兵碰撞到障碍物，则会自动选下一个点为目标
  4. 巡逻兵在设定范围内感知到玩家，会自动追击玩家
  5. 失去玩家目标后，继续巡逻
  6. 计分：玩家每次甩掉一个巡逻兵计一分，与巡逻兵碰撞游戏结束

在此基础上我们做了一些小的改变：

  1. 第二点中，由于多数同学实现的是一个矩阵分割的地图，而我们制作的是一个开放式的森林地图，巡逻兵不适宜用固定的图形作为巡逻路径。因此，我们采用完全随机的模式来决定巡逻兵的移动路径。
  2. 第六点中，因为我们巡逻兵使用的是随机速度，我们想把它体现在分数上。因而每甩掉一个巡逻兵会增加相当于巡逻兵移动速度的分数。

程序设计要求

  • 必须使用订阅与发布模式传消息
    • Subject：OnLostGoal
    • Publisher：Monster
    • Subscriber：ScoreRecorder
  • 工厂模式生产巡逻兵

操作方法

  • WASD 控制 Unity 酱前后移动（向后移动速度较慢）和左右旋转
  • 按住右键可以通过鼠标自由旋转视角

设计模式那点事

本次我们要求使用两种设计模式：发布-订阅模式和工厂模式（其实还有导演场记和单例模式），其中后者我们已经在之前的作业中领略不少，便不在此赘述了。重点来说说发布-订阅模式，这也是我觉得目前最好用的模式之一。

订阅-发布模式

如果你用过 Qt，你一定听说过信号-槽。如果你用过 JavaScript，那你一定对事件不陌生。而如果你用过 UWP，那么这个就完全对你来说不陌生了！是的，订阅-发布的本质就是提供了一种可异步的，去耦合的对象间交互模式。简单来说，发布者会发布信息（Qt 中的信号，JavaScript 中的事件），然后所有的订阅者都会收到信息并对其进行相应的处理（Qt 中的槽函数，JavaScript 中的事件处理函数）。

单是这么说可能还是有些抽象。对于咱们程序员来说，最直观的方式莫过于上代码啦～以下便是一个简单的订阅-发布模式实现：

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public class Publisher {
  public static delegate returnType Message(Type Content);
  // 此处声明了委托（发布-订阅关系）的类型（或者说订阅函数的范式、签名）
  // 使用此类型的委托的返回类型都是 returnType，参数都是一个 Type
  public static event Message MessageSent;
  // 使用 Message 类型创建一个委托，或者说一个发布-订阅关系
  /*
  * ...
  */
    var HandledMessage = MessageSent(Some Messages);
    // 此处发布了信息，内容是 Some Messages，这会通知所有订阅者对其进行处理
    // 并且用 HandledMessage 来接收处理函数的返回值（可能是多个）
  /*
  * ...
  */
}

public class Subcriber {
  Subcriber() {
    Publisher.MessageSent += MessageHandler;
    // 此处表示订阅 MessageSent 信息，并且用 MessageHandler 作为处理函数
  }

  public returnType MessageHandler(Type content) {
    /*
      Do something with the content
    */
  }
}

资源库中从不缺乏惊喜

Assets Store 可以说是 Unity 小型开发中极为核心的一环，他就好比安卓的 Google Play（应用市场），或者是 IOS 的 App Store。如果把一个 Unity 程序比做一个人。那么引擎就是它的骨架，代码就是他的灵魂，而 Assets 则是它的血肉。没有他，我们的灵魂再怎么深邃，也会缺乏最直观的美感。那么来看看我们在那里面都发现了些什么吧！

Unity-Chan

作为一款免费的模型，Unity-Chan 可以说是做到了很多收费模型都做不到的程度。它有精细的贴图，恰到好处的设计，丰富的动作，以及完全开源的组件。有了它，你的游戏瞬间就会变得丰富多彩了～

Fantasy Monster

作为免费模型，Fantasy Monster也是相当良心的一款了。完备的动画、多样的造型，甚至还有攻击特效～一站式备齐你所要的一切（Monster）～

Nature Starter Kit 2

你还在为地形设计抓耳挠腮吗？你苦苦羡慕别人的光影效果吗？试试 Nature Starter Kit 2，让你的项目从此高端大气上（烧）档（显）次（卡）！体验不一样的 Unity 从此开始！

代码即是灵魂

扯了这么多，代码才是一个项目核心中的核心，下面便是这个项目中的主要代码～其中的 Animator 相关代码需要在 Unity 的预设中首先创建好 AnimationController，至于究竟如何，就交由各位自行探索啦～

  • GameDirector.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class GameDirector : System.Object
    {
        private static GameDirector _instance;
        public SceneController currentSceneController { get; set; }
        public static GameDirector getInstance()
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                _instance = new GameDirector();
            }
            return _instance;
        }
        public int getFPS()
        {
            return Application.targetFrameRate;
        }
        public void setFPS(int fps)
        {
            Application.targetFrameRate = fps;
        }
    }

  • SceneController.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public interface SceneController
    {
        void LoadResources();
    }

  • FirstController.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, SceneController
    {
        public GameObject player;
        public GameObject mycamera; 
        public List<GameObject> monsters;
        public MyFactory mF;
        private bool isGameOver = false;
        public bool isStart = false;

        void Awake()
        {
            mycamera = (GameObject)Resources.Load("Prefabs/CameraContainer");
            player = (GameObject)Resources.Load("Prefabs/Character");
            GameDirector director = GameDirector.getInstance();
            director.currentSceneController = this;
        }

        void Start()
        {
            mF = Singleton<MyFactory>.Instance;//获得工厂单例
            monsters = mF.getMonsters();//从工厂获得所有的怪物
            MonsterController.hitPlayerEvent += gameOver;//订阅怪物撞击玩家的事件
            player = Instantiate(player);
            player.transform.position = new Vector3(-53, 1.1F, 60);
            mycamera = Instantiate(mycamera);
        }

        public bool getGameOver()
        {
            return isGameOver;
        }

        public void gameOver()
        {
            player.GetComponent<Animator>().SetTrigger("Lose");
            this.isGameOver = true;
        }

        public void start()
        {
            Singleton<ScoreRecorder>.Instance.reset();
            mF.Reput();
            isStart = true;
        }

        public void LoadResources()
        {
            //
        }
    }

  • MyFactory.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class MyFactory : MonoBehaviour {
        public GameObject monster;
        private List<GameObject> _monsters;
        private int min_x = -80;
        private int max_x = 80;
        private int min_z = -80;
        private int max_z = 80;

        public void Awake()
        {
            monster = (GameObject)Resources.Load("Prefabs/Monster");
        }

        public List<GameObject> getMonsters()
        {
            List<GameObject> Monsters = new List<GameObject> ();
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i)
            {
                GameObject newMonster = Instantiate<GameObject>(monster);

                newMonster.transform.position = new Vector3(500, 2, 500); // 流放
                Monsters.Add(newMonster);
            }
            _monsters = Monsters;
            return Monsters;
        }

        public void Reput()
        {
            foreach (var amonster in _monsters)
            {
                amonster.transform.position = new Vector3(Random.Range(min_x, max_x), 2, Random.Range(min_z, max_z));
                monster.GetComponent<MonsterController>().GetNewPosition();
            }
        }
    }

  • MonsterController.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class MonsterController : MonoBehaviour {

        private Vector3 NextPosition;
        private int speed;
        private CharacterController cc;
        private Animator anim;

        FirstController fc;

        public delegate void hitPlayer ();
        public delegate void playerLost (int score);
        public static event hitPlayer hitPlayerEvent;
        public static event playerLost playerLostEvent;

        // Use this for initialization
        void Start () {
            NextPosition = transform.position;
            cc = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
            anim = GetComponent<Animator>();
            speed = (int)Random.Range(3, 11);
            fc = GameDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController as FirstController;
      }
      
      // Update is called once per frame
      void FixedUpdate () {
            if (fc.getGameOver())
                return;
            var diff = NextPosition - transform.position + Vector3.up * transform.position.y;
            while (diff.magnitude < 0.1)
            {
                GetNewPosition();
                diff = NextPosition - transform.position + Vector3.up * transform.position.y;
            }
            transform.LookAt(transform.position + diff);

            if (diff.magnitude > speed)
                cc.SimpleMove(diff / diff.magnitude * speed);
            else
                cc.SimpleMove(diff);
      }

        public void GetNewPosition()
        {
            NextPosition = new Vector3(transform.position.x + Random.Range(-50, 50), 0, transform.position.z + Random.Range(-50, 50));
        }

        void OnTriggerStay(Collider other)
        {
            if (fc.getGameOver())
                return;
            if (other.gameObject.tag == "Player")
            {
                NextPosition = new Vector3(other.gameObject.transform.position.x, 0, other.gameObject.transform.position.z);
            }
        }

        void OnControllerColliderHit(ControllerColliderHit hit)
        {
            if (fc.getGameOver())
                return;
            if (hit == null)
                return;
            if (hit.gameObject.tag == "Player")
            {
                anim.SetTrigger("Attack");
                hitPlayerEvent();
            }
            else if (hit.gameObject.tag == "Trees")
            {
                GetNewPosition();
            }
        }

        private void OnTriggerExit(Collider other)
        {
            if (fc.getGameOver())
                return;
            if (other.gameObject.tag == "Player")
            {
                playerLostEvent(speed);
                GetNewPosition();
            }
        }

    }

  • PlayerController.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
        CharacterController cc;
        Animator anim;
        FirstController fc;

        private void Awake()
        {
            cc = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
            anim = GetComponent<Animator>();
            fc = GameDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController as FirstController;
        }

        // Use this for initialization
        void Start () {

      }
      
      // Update is called once per frame
      void FixedUpdate () {
            if (fc.getGameOver())
                return;
            float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
            float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
            if (v > 0.1)
            {
                anim.SetBool("WalkingBack", false);
                anim.SetBool("Run", true);
                transform.Rotate(0, h * 4, 0);
                cc.SimpleMove(transform.forward * 10 * v);
            }
            else if (v < -0.1)
            {
                anim.SetBool("WalkingBack", true);
                anim.SetBool("Run", false);
                transform.Rotate(0, h * 4, 0);
                cc.SimpleMove(transform.forward * v * 3);
            }
            else
            {
                transform.Rotate(0, h * 4, 0);
                anim.SetBool("Run", false);
                anim.SetBool("WalkingBack", false);
            }
        }
    }

  • ScoreRecorder.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class ScoreRecorder : MonoBehaviour {
        private int _score = 0;

        public void Start()
        {
            MonsterController.playerLostEvent += Score;
        }

        public void Score(int score)
        {
            _score += score;
        }

        public int GetScore()
        {
            return _score;
        }

        public void reset()
        {
            _score = 0;
        }
    }

  • UserGUI.cs

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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;
    using UnityEngine.UI;

    public class UserGUI : MonoBehaviour
    {
        private bool isGameOver = false;
        public string scoreText;
        public string gameOverText;
        public ScoreRecorder sR;
        FirstController fc;

        void Start()
        {
            fc = GameDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController as FirstController;
            sR = Singleton<ScoreRecorder>.Instance;
            scoreText = "Score: 0";
            gameOverText = "Playing...";
        }

        void Update()
        {
            if (isGameOver)
            {//显示结束游戏
                gameOverText = "Game Over!";
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                gameOverText = "Playing...";
                isGameOver = fc.getGameOver();//检查游戏是否结束
                scoreText = "Score: " + sR.GetScore();//显示分数
                return;
            }
        }

        void OnGUI()
        {
            if (fc.isStart)
            {
                GUI.Label(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 30), gameOverText);
                GUI.Label(new Rect(10, 50, 100, 30), scoreText);
            }
            else
            {
                if (GUI.Button(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 30), "Start"))
                {
                    fc.start();
                }
            }
        }
    }

  • MyCameraController.cs

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    using CameraController;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class MyCameraController : MonoBehaviour {
        Transform Character;
        public float smoothTime = 0.01f;
        private Vector3 AVelocity = Vector3.zero;
        Vector3 oldPosition, newPosition;
        // Use this for initialization
        void Start () {
            Character = (GameDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController as FirstController).player.transform;
            oldPosition = newPosition = Vector3.zero;
      }
      
      // Update is called once per frame
      void Update () {
            transform.position = Vector3.SmoothDamp(transform.position, Character.position, ref AVelocity, smoothTime);
            newPosition = Input.mousePosition;

            if (Input.GetMouseButton((int)MouseButtonDown.MBD_RIGHT))
            {
                transform.Rotate(0, (newPosition - oldPosition).x, 0);
            }
            else
            {
                transform.rotation = Character.rotation;
            }
            oldPosition = newPosition;
        }
    }

特别鸣谢

  1. 陈旭东大神的 blog

    旭东大神的指导博客～详尽易懂，也让我知道原来 Unity 的世界可以如此精彩！

  2. Unity-Chan制作团队官网

    本作主角模型的制作团队，没有他们的努力和开源精神就不会有活力四射的 Unity 酱。

  3. Nature Starter Kit 2

    一款非常优秀的场景包，同时兼有相当华丽的镜头滤镜脚本，是免费玩家的不二之选。

# Unity3D
Get Started with Unity3D - 5
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Recent

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Tags

Algorithm 15
Assignment 5
Blockchain 1
Cloud Service 2
Decision Tree 3
Ensemble Learning 3
Ethereum 1
Github Pages 1
Gitment 1
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Leetcode 14
Machine Learning 3
OpenAPI 1
RESTful 1
Remote Floder 1
SSAD 7
Service Computing 4
Unity3D 9
VPS server 1
WEB 6
Windows 1
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